Production costs include transformation and transaction costs.Transformation costs are expenses of physical production.Transaction costs include the costs of measuring physical properties and legal characteristics of goods exchanged, and the costs of assurance and implementation of contracts, which neoclassical economics ignores them.Transaction co
With the growing security demands in the public, civil and military fields, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) intrusion detection has attracted increasing attention.In view of the shortcomings of the current UAV intrusion detection model using Wi-Fi data traffic in terms of detection accuracy, sample size reduction, and model interpretability, this pap
Abstract Background The aim of study was to observe the effect of increased lactate levels during high-intensity interval Fan Guard training (HIIT) on protein lactylation, identify the target protein, and investigate the regulatory effect of lactylation on the function of the protein.Methods C57B/L6 mice were divided into 3 groups: the control grou
Each year just before the New Year, our hometown library—the Helsinki CELERY SEED EXTRACT Metropolitan Area Library Network (Helmet 2024)—issues a curated 50-book reading challenge.To celebrate a new year, Suomen antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society, presents an ethnographic reading challenge in a similar style.The challe
This paper proposes a new outlier detection approach that measures the degree of outlierness for each instance in a given dataset.The proposed model utilizes a mass-based dissimilarity Hay Bag Feeder PVC Mesh measure to address the weaknesses of neighbor-based outlier models while detecting local outliers in the dataset within a variety of data poi